Novel hole-pillar spacer design for improved hydrodynamics and biofouling mitigation in membrane filtration

Frontiers Clinical Autopsy of a Reverse Osmosis Membrane Module

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PDF) Pressure drop increase by biofilm accumulation in spiral wound RO and NF membrane systems: role of substrate concentration, flow velocity, substrate load and flow direction

Frontiers Clinical Autopsy of a Reverse Osmosis Membrane Module

The critical role of feed spacer channel porosity in membrane biofouling: Insights and implications - ScienceDirect

Membrane filtration performance enhancement and biofouling mitigation using symmetric spacers with helical filaments - ScienceDirect

Advantages, limitations, and future suggestions in studying graphene-based desalination membranes - RSC Advances (RSC Publishing) DOI:10.1039/D1RA00278C

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