Methods of shaping ionomeric materials such as Nafion: (a1) heat

Stencils and custom Nafion shapes.

A bio-inspired multi degree of freedom actuator based on a novel cylindrical ionic polymer-metal composite material

Freeform fabrication of ionomeric polymer-metal composite actuators

Illustration of a tri-layer conjugated polymer actuator demonstrating

Deposition of conjugated polymer film: (a) from spin coating a

3D-printed ionic polymer-metal composite soft crawling robot

PDF) A comprehensive review of select smart polymeric and gel actuators for soft mechatronics and robotics applications: fundamentals, freeform fabrication, and motion control

Block diagram of the steering controller with contouring error.

Applications of liquid crystal elastomers (LCE): (a1) anisotropic shape

The SMP film actuator presented in [165]. An image of the 3D-printed

IPMC surface (left) and P-IPMC surface (right) viewed using an optical

Methods of shaping ionomeric materials such as Nafion: (a1) heat and

Freeform fabrication of ionomeric polymer-metal composite actuators

Conceptual drawing of proposed new fabrication method by means of