Novel hole-pillar spacer design for improved hydrodynamics and

Development of an automatic and object-oriented method for spacer design in the spiral wound nanofiltration modules to comprehensively enhance filtration performance - ScienceDirect

a) A schematic of the experimental setup. A pressure controller and

Investigating fouling at the pore-scale using a microfluidic membrane mimic filtration system

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The evolution of feed spacer role in membrane applications for desalination and water treatment: A critical review and future perspective - ScienceDirect

Single shaft rotating membranes systems CRD. © Novoflo Co, Obendorf

Direct Microscopic Observation of Forward Osmosis Membrane Fouling

PDF) Effect of different commercial feed spacers on biofouling of reverse osmosis membrane systems: A numerical study

PDF] Spacer geometry and particle deposition in spiral wound membrane feed channels.