Full agonists, partial agonists and inverse agonists

An agonist is a ligand that binds to a receptor and alters the receptor state resulting in a biological response. A full agonist reaches the maximal response capability of the system, and a partial agonist does not (even at full receptor occupancy). A partial agonist acts as an antagonist in the presence of a full agonist (if they compete for the same receptors). An inverse agonist is a ligand that by binding to receptors reduces the fraction of them in an active conformation. Spare receptors are said to exist wherever a full agonist can cause a maximum response when occupying only a fraction of the total receptor population.

Pharmacology concepts & terms glossary

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Civ / Ci / 22B19: What are receptors? (20% marks). Discuss the relationship between the properties of a drug and potential receptor response under the following headings: agonists, partial agonists, inverse agonists